Raccoon life cycle?

The raccoon is a curious and intelligent animal that can adapt to its environment. This makes it possible for them to survive in many areas, including cities. With thriving population densities, one would think that the common raccoon has a long life. However, the truth is that they have one of the shortest life expectancies of any North American mammal. The average raccoon lifespan is just two to three years in the wild.


The raccoon is not a species that has a large number of young at once. They have 63 days of gestation and when they give birth, they usually just deliver between one and five babies per litter, This means that there aren’t many offspring produced each year by a female raccoon. They also don’t typically mate until they are about 15 months old so life expectancy is markedly lower than other mammals. This article will explore raccoon lifespan as well as the factors that influence it.


How long do raccoons live?

The average raccoon lifespan depends heavily on whether or not the raccoons are in the wild or in captivity. In the wild, raccoons have very short lives, young raccoons usually die before they reach sexual maturity (1 year). However, if they make it through the first year, their chances of dying are reduced significantly. Wild raccoons tend to live about three to five years on average but can live up to 16 years.


Life expectancy of raccoons in captivity

In captivity or as domestic animals, the raccoon’s lifespan increases dramatically. With proper care (dietary requirements), habitat (adequate space and climbing structures), and veterinary care; captive raccoons can typically expect between 13-20 years if not longer. This is because their chances of getting injured or contracting disease are far less than in the wild.



Life expectancy of baby raccoons

Baby raccoons have high mortality rates as they are completely dependent on their mothers for food and protection. As many as 50% of baby raccoons may not survive their first year. If their mother dies at this stage, their chance of survival is virtually zero.



Raccoon life cycle

The lifecycle of a raccoon starts with the mating season, which takes place from February till March. During this time males leave their territories to find females ready for breeding. After about two months of gestation, the female gives birth to between three and five kits (also known as cubs). If a female raccoon is not able to give birth during this time, she’ll go through estrus again and can give birth as late as June.


Mothers raise young raccoons for 2 – 4 months. She only leaves the den for short periods of time until they are older. During this time, they teach their young how to survive. This includes foraging skills and climbing techniques that help them scavenge food and evade predators. The young raccoons stay with their mother until 1 year, at which point they head out on their own to find food or mate.


Raccoon life stages

Like many other mammals, raccoons go through several stages throughout their lives: infancy, juvenile, and adulthood.


Raccoon life stages - Infancy

Born blind and helpless, baby raccoons often weigh less than a pound and are about seven inches long. Their eyes open after around two weeks of age. They develop quickly and are weaned after about two months.


Raccoon life stages - Juvenile

At this point, their mother will introduce them to solid food that she has caught, including insects, small rodents, birds, eggs, and fruits. They still stay and travel with their mother until they reach their first year (adulthood) at which point they leave and explore the world on their own. They typically stay in the area for one more year before venturing out to find a new territory (if they haven’t already done so).



Raccoon life stages - Adulthood

At 1 year, they are now sexually mature and are ready to breed. Most male raccoons leave their birth territory at this point and set out to find a mate. This is also the time when they become more aggressive; fighting with each other for mates, food, and space. The age of adulthood differs slightly between genders; females are fully mature when they reach 1 year while males usually start breeding a bit later.



Factors that affect the lifespan of a raccoon

A raccoon’s longevity is affected by several factors such as human intervention, climate, predators, and diseases.


Human intervention

Humans have had a significant impact on the lifespan of raccoons not just through hunting but habitat loss as well. As cities expand more wild raccoons are being driven out to make space for human homes, businesses, and roads which leads to shorter lifespans as they come across more dangers they would not have to deal with in the wild.


A raccoon living in urban areas is also generally considered more of a pest as they raid and knock over trash cans and make dens inside homes. This leads to them being targeted by homeowners which can result in their death or injury from traps, poisoning, etc.


Furthermore, busy highways in large cities and the fact that raccoons are nocturnal creatures means that they frequently fall victim to collisions with vehicles as they roam at night to look for food.


Climate/Weather

While raccoons have adaptations that allow them to survive winter, however, long and extremely cold winters still pose a threat. As raccoons are not true hibernators and still need to come out of their den and find food during the winter, scant food sources and harsh conditions can mean that many raccoons perish during the coldest months.


Prey availability is also a significant factor in climate affecting longevity in raccoons as animals that are unable to hunt effectively due to lack of food will not live long at all.



Diseases

Distemper is the most common disease that kills raccoons. This virus attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems of raccoons which can result in paralysis or even starvation because they are unable to find food on their own. Other viral diseases such as rabies, infectious canine hepatitis, raccoon parvoviral enteritis, and pseudorabies are less common but are still a threat.


There are also bacterial diseases like leptospirosis, yersiniosis, tularemia, Q fever, listeriosis, and pasteurellosis that are known to affect raccoons and further increase their risk of death.


In addition to this, parasitic diseases such as Baylisascarisprocyonis (raccoon roundworm), giardia infection can also reduce a raccoon’s lifespan. Other parasitic conditions that affect raccoons are trichinosis, mange mites (notorious for making the fur of infected animals fall out), fleas and ticks along with ear mites.


Predators

Due to their size, an adult raccoon can have few predators beyond humans and other large mammals like wolves or coyotes who are both common in woods where raccoon dens are located. However, it’s important not to overlook smaller potential dangers such as hawks, owls, bobcats, etc., which hunt raccoons when they are young and leave their den for the first time. This can mean much shorter lifespans than expected if they aren’t able to escape fast enough from these predators.



RACCOON TRACKS

RACCOON TRACKS Photo: Terry Kem and Illustrations: Dan Goodman

RACCOON TRACKS: A COMPLETE GUIDE TO IDENTIFYING RACCOON FOOTPRINTS

RACCOON TRACKS llustrated by: Lynn Hawkinson Smith

What Do Raccoon Tracks Look Like?

Raccoon tracks are among the most distinct and recognizable animal footprints found in North America. With their five long toes on both the front and hind feet, raccoon prints often resemble tiny human hands. The front paw typically measures 2 to 3 inches in length, while the rear paw is slightly longer, usually around 3 to 4 inches.

Each track shows five toes with visible claw marks. Raccoons do not retract their claws, so they often leave clear sharp imprints in soft substrates like mud, snow, or sand. The heel pad on the hind foot is elongated and bears a striking resemblance to a human foot, contributing further to the illusion of miniature human prints.

Understanding the Gait: How Raccoons Walk

Raccoons use a paced or overstep walking gait, meaning the hind foot steps into or just ahead of where the front foot was placed. This results in a distinctive track pattern known as the "2x2 gait," which often shows four clear prints: two front and two hind, arranged diagonally.

This gait is more pronounced when raccoons move slowly. When running, the tracks may become more erratic and spaced further apart. The stride length (distance between steps) averages between 10 to 18 inches, depending on the raccoon's speed.

Best Surfaces for Spotting Raccoon Tracks

To successfully identify raccoon tracks, search in moist environments where imprints are likely to be preserved. Common places include:

  • Riverbanks

  • Creek beds

  • Mudflats

  • Snow-covered trails

  • Backyard gardens after rain

Urban areas also offer plenty of tracking opportunities. Look for tracks around trash cans, compost bins, or attics, especially if you suspect raccoon activity around your property.

How to Differentiate Raccoon Tracks from Similar Animals

Raccoon tracks can be confused with those of opossums, skunks, or even cats. However, a few key distinctions make raccoon footprints unique:

  • Opossum tracks: Also have five toes but feature a thumb-like toe on the hind foot that points out at an angle. Their tracks look more splayed.

  • Skunk tracks: Generally smaller, with shorter toes and less hand-like appearance. Skunks also drag their claws, leaving trailing marks.

  • Cat tracks: Unlike raccoons, cats do not show claw marks because their claws retract. Their pads are more rounded and compact.

The human-like structure of raccoon tracks—especially when visible in a line—makes them stand out from nearly all other North American mammals.

Seasonal Visibility of Raccoon Tracks

The ability to see and follow raccoon tracks varies by season:

  • Winter: Snow provides a perfect canvas for tracking. Raccoon prints in snow show clearly defined toes and gait.

  • Spring and Fall: Wet soil and mud retain crisp impressions. These seasons are ideal for tracking near water sources.

  • Summer: Dry ground makes tracking more difficult, but raccoons are still active—especially at night. Look near garden beds and garbage bins for subtle evidence.

Raccoon Behavior Revealed Through Tracks

Raccoon tracks can tell a compelling story. They reveal not just movement, but also behavior patterns:

  • Circular patterns may indicate foraging activity.

  • Straight paths suggest travel routes to dens or feeding spots.

  • Tracks near water often lead to evidence of fishing or washing behavior, a known raccoon habit.

In snowy environments, track patterns can help determine whether a raccoon is denning nearby. Repeated trails to and from a specific location often indicate the entrance to a den, especially in attics, basements, or hollow trees.

Tips for Photographing and Casting Raccoon Tracks

For researchers or enthusiasts, preserving raccoon tracks can be educational and useful.

To photograph raccoon tracks:

  • Use a ruler or coin for scale.

  • Capture images from multiple angles, especially top-down.

  • Photograph in early morning or late afternoon light for better shadow contrast.

To make a plaster cast:

  1. Mix plaster of Paris to a creamy consistency.

  2. Carefully pour around the track, not directly onto it.

  3. Let it set for 30 minutes.

  4. Gently lift and clean once hardened.

Plaster casts help with long-term identification, especially if you're comparing tracks over time or documenting wildlife activity.

Why Homeowners Should Recognize Raccoon Tracks

Identifying raccoon tracks can serve as a crucial early warning for homeowners. These animals are notorious for property damage, particularly:

  • Ripping open roof vents or soffits

  • Tearing insulation in attics

  • Tipping over trash cans

  • Raiding bird feeders and compost piles

Spotting tracks early allows for preventive action, such as sealing entry points, using raccoon-proof bins, and consulting professional wildlife removal services.

Common Locations to Check for Raccoon Tracks on Your Property

  • Garage floors (dust reveals prints easily)

  • Under decks and porches

  • Garden beds and flowerpots

  • Driveways after rain

  • Attic insulation (check for prints or droppings)

If tracks are repeatedly found in the same area, it's likely you're dealing with a resident raccoon rather than a transient visitor.

Using Tracks as Part of a Wildlife Monitoring Strategy

Homeowners, wildlife biologists, and urban planners increasingly use raccoon tracks as part of broader wildlife surveillance efforts. Combined with trail cameras, scat identification, and nesting observations, track analysis provides valuable insight into raccoon activity without the need for direct observation.

In particular, footprint documentation can help:

  • Identify population sizes

  • Determine territorial boundaries

  • Analyze behavioral shifts in urban environments

Protecting Your Property Once Tracks Are Spotted

Once raccoon tracks are confirmed, take action to deter further intrusion:

  • Install motion-activated lights or sprinklers

  • Use ammonia-soaked rags or predator urine near den entry points

  • Secure pet food and bird seed indoors

  • Hire licensed wildlife removal experts if necessary

Timely intervention not only protects your property but also minimizes the chance of disease transmission through raccoon feces or saliva.


 

All About Animals …

Suspendisse nec congue purus. Aenean eu justo sed elit dignissim aliquam. Suspendisse nec congue purus. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos.

  • RATS

  • SQUIRRELS

  • RACCOONS

  • OPOSSUMS

  • SNAKES

  • BATS

  • WILDLIFE REMOVAL



 
 
 

WHERE DO RACCOONS LIVE


WHERE DO RACCOONS LIVE

Raccoons, with their bandit-like masks and dexterous paws, are among the most recognizable and adaptable mammals in North America. But beyond their distinctive appearance and curious behaviors lies a fascinating question: Where do raccoons live? Understanding the habitat preferences of raccoons isn’t just about satisfying curiosity—it’s essential for wildlife management, urban planning, pest control, and environmental education.

This book is a comprehensive journey into the many environments raccoons call home. From lush forests and marshy wetlands to bustling cities and cozy suburban neighborhoods, raccoons have proven themselves to be master adapters. Their ability to thrive in a diverse array of habitats has made them one of the most widespread and sometimes problematic animals in both rural and urban settings.

Originally native to North and Central America, raccoons have expanded their territories significantly. Today, they can be found in parts of Europe and Asia, often as invasive species introduced by humans. Their success in such varied climates and landscapes can be attributed to their omnivorous diet, excellent climbing and swimming abilities, and intelligence, which helps them navigate human environments as easily as natural ones.

In the forests of the Appalachian Mountains, raccoons may den in hollow trees, feeding on insects, fruits, and small animals. In the wetlands of Louisiana, they fish for crayfish and frogs, thriving near the water. In the suburbs of Chicago or Toronto, they raid garbage bins, nest in attics, and become notorious nocturnal visitors to backyards and gardens.

Yet this adaptability comes at a cost. As raccoons move into more human-dominated areas, conflicts arise. Homeowners worry about damage to property, health concerns from feces or parasites, and safety for pets and small children. Wildlife managers grapple with how to balance raccoon populations without harming ecosystems or causing undue distress to the animals.

This book seeks to answer not only where raccoons live, but also why they choose those places and how we can better understand their relationship to our shared spaces. Each chapter is packed with scientific insight, real-world observations, and practical tips—from how to recognize raccoon dens to strategies for humane removal and exclusion.

Whether you're a wildlife enthusiast, a homeowner dealing with a raccoon problem, or simply fascinated by these clever creatures, this guide will illuminate the surprising and often hidden world of raccoon habitats.

Let’s begin our exploration by diving into the landscapes raccoons originally called home—North America’s diverse and rich ecosystems

Introduction to Raccoon Habitats

Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are remarkable mammals known for their adaptability, intelligence, and curious nature. One of the most intriguing aspects of these creatures is their flexibility in terms of habitat. Whether navigating dense forests, prowling along riverbanks, or rummaging through urban trash bins, raccoons have proven that they can thrive in a wide array of environments.

Understanding Habitat Basics

To understand where raccoons live, we must first define what makes a habitat suitable. A raccoon habitat must provide three essential elements:

  1. Food: Raccoons are opportunistic omnivores, which means they eat a little bit of everything—fruits, nuts, insects, small animals, garbage, and pet food.

  2. Water: Access to freshwater is critical. Raccoons often live near lakes, streams, rivers, or wetlands.

  3. Shelter: Raccoons require secure, dry spaces to rest, breed, and raise their young. This could be a hollow tree, an abandoned burrow, or a crawlspace under someone’s porch.

A Flexible Survivor

The flexibility of raccoons in choosing their homes is almost unmatched in the animal kingdom. Originally forest dwellers, they have adapted over time to a host of other environments. Their ability to solve problems, open containers, climb, swim, and make use of available resources makes them highly successful in various habitats.

In rural areas, raccoons might live miles away from any human activity. In contrast, in urban environments, raccoons might sleep in an attic during the day and feast on leftover pizza crusts at night.

Historical Context

Historically, raccoons were most common in deciduous forests of the eastern United States, where tall trees and abundant streams made for ideal living conditions. Over time, however, raccoons expanded westward and northward. Today, raccoons are found as far north as Canada’s boreal forests and as far south as Panama.

In the 20th century, raccoons were introduced into parts of Europe and Asia, often by fur traders. They have since established feral populations in Germany, Russia, and Japan, adapting quickly to unfamiliar environments.

Habitat Use Across Life Stages

Raccoons modify their habitat use depending on their life stage. Juveniles, for instance, may stay close to the natal den until they are independent, while adult males may roam over a larger territory. Females with young kits tend to seek more concealed and secure nesting spots to avoid predators and environmental stress.

Raccoons in North America: Their Native Range

North America is the native homeland of the raccoon. These adaptable mammals originated in the dense woodlands, marshes, and river valleys of the southeastern United States. Over time, they expanded their range, aided by their remarkable adaptability and changing landscapes shaped by human activity.

Original Range and Expansion

Historically, raccoons were most abundant in the southeastern United States. The combination of deciduous forests, abundant water sources, and a rich diversity of food made these regions ideal. As European settlers transformed the landscape—clearing forests, planting crops, and building roads—raccoons found new niches to explore.

By the 20th century, raccoons had spread across almost every state and into southern Canada and northern Mexico. Today, they are common from the forests of Quebec to the deserts of Arizona and from the bayous of Louisiana to the Pacific Northwest.

Habitat Diversity in North America

Raccoons in North America can be found in:

  • Eastern deciduous forests, where they forage among oak, maple, and hickory trees.

  • Midwestern farmlands, where they feast on corn, soybeans, and field mice.

  • Southern wetlands, rich in amphibians, crayfish, and aquatic plants.

  • Northern boreal forests, where survival means denning in insulated spaces and foraging in cold climates.

Behavior and Adaptation

Despite regional differences in climate and geography, raccoons across North America exhibit core behaviors—nocturnal foraging, denning in secure places, and opportunistic feeding. In northern regions, they may hibernate or enter torpor to conserve energy in winter. In warmer climates, they remain active year-round.


Raccoons have shaped—and been shaped by—the North American environment. Their native range is vast, but their success has not diminished the importance of understanding their role in local ecosystems, where their population density can affect both biodiversity and human communities.

Urban Raccoons: Adapting to City Life

Urban environments present unique challenges and opportunities for wildlife. Raccoons, however, have not just adapted to city life—they’ve thrived in it.

The Urban Jungle

Cities provide abundant food sources: trash cans, compost bins, pet food, and even bird feeders. Raccoons are skilled at raiding these sources, often learning how to bypass human deterrents like bungee cords or latches.

Shelter is equally plentiful. Raccoons use attics, abandoned buildings, sewers, and chimneys as dens. Their climbing skills allow them to navigate rooftops and fences with ease.

Nocturnal Navigators

In urban areas, raccoons are more nocturnal than their rural counterparts. They typically avoid human activity and travel along "green corridors" such as alleyways, railroad tracks, and rivers to minimize detection.

Increased Intelligence

Studies show that urban raccoons display enhanced problem-solving abilities compared to rural raccoons. They learn how to open containers, navigate obstacles, and remember solutions to access food. This increased intelligence also makes them harder to trap or deter.

Human Conflicts

Urban raccoons often cause property damage by tearing soffits or insulation. They also pose health risks by spreading diseases like raccoon roundworm. Yet some city dwellers view them with curiosity or affection, feeding them intentionally or sharing viral videos.

Forest Dwellers: Raccoons in Woodlands and National Parks

Forests are the traditional stronghold of the raccoon. Here, they find the natural shelter, food, and water resources that first enabled their evolutionary success.

Woodland Preferences

Raccoons in forests prefer:

  • Deciduous trees for denning and climbing.

  • Underbrush for cover and foraging.

  • Streams and ponds for water and aquatic prey.

They thrive in oak-hickory forests, maple groves, and pine-oak mixtures. In these habitats, they forage for nuts, insects, berries, bird eggs, and amphibians.

National Parks and Preserves

Raccoons are common in protected areas like:

  • Great Smoky Mountains National Park

  • Yosemite National Park

  • Everglades National Park

In parks, raccoons often become habituated to humans. They raid campgrounds, scavenge picnic areas, and rummage through unattended backpacks.

Behavior and Ecology

In forest settings, raccoons exhibit more natural foraging behaviors and tend to den in hollow trees or abandoned dens made by other animals. They play an important ecological role by dispersing seeds and controlling insect populations.

Wetlands and Riverbanks: Raccoons in Aquatic Environments

Raccoons are frequently associated with water, and for good reason. Their front paws are highly sensitive and capable of detecting movement underwater. Wetlands offer a buffet of edible treasures for these skilled foragers.

Aquatic Riches

Wetlands and riverbanks are home to:

  • Crayfish and frogs

  • Fish and snails

  • Aquatic plants and bird eggs

These resources allow raccoons to thrive near bayous, marshes, and streams.

Specialized Foraging Behavior

In wet environments, raccoons exhibit their iconic “washing” behavior—though not for sanitation. They use their forepaws to feel for prey under water or mud, often using rocks or sticks to turn over submerged objects.

Dens Near Water

Raccoons typically den in root tangles, hollow logs, or riverbank burrows. These are often cooler and more humid, providing optimal protection during warm seasons.

Farms and Suburbs: Life at the Edge of Human Development

Farms and suburban neighborhoods form transitional zones between wilderness and city. Raccoons flourish in these liminal spaces where natural food mixes with human activity.

Raccoons on the Farm

Farms offer:

  • Corn and grain fields

  • Chicken coops and feed silos

  • Barns and haylofts for shelter

Raccoons are notorious for breaking into poultry enclosures or tipping over feeders.

Suburban Life

In the suburbs, raccoons live in:

  • Attics and garages

  • Backyard sheds

  • Wood piles and crawlspaces

They raid bird feeders, tip over trash bins, and may even be seen crossing fences or rooftops at night.

Tensions and Benefits

While raccoons may damage crops or property, they also control rodent populations and spread seeds. Homeowners often struggle with finding humane ways to deter them.

Raccoons in Attics and Crawlspaces: Invasive Behaviors

One of the most problematic behaviors of urban and suburban raccoons is their intrusion into human homes. Attics, basements, and crawlspaces offer warmth, safety, and shelter.

Why Raccoons Invade Homes

  • Easy access through vents, soffits, or chimneys

  • Insulation for warmth

  • Low human traffic areas for raising young

Female raccoons especially target attics for birthing and nursing.

Signs of Infestation

  • Scratching sounds in ceilings or walls

  • Droppings in attics or garages

  • Damaged insulation or chewed wires

Raccoon droppings can contain dangerous parasites such as Baylisascaris procyonis.

Removal and Prevention

Homeowners should use humane trapping, seal entry points, and install deterrents like motion lights. Professional wildlife control services are often necessary.

Raccoons in Europe and Asia: Non-Native Populations

Raccoons are not native to Europe or Asia, but they now exist in substantial numbers due to accidental and intentional introductions.

European Invasion

Raccoons were introduced in:

  • Germany (for fur farming, 1930s)

  • Russia (escaped pets)

  • Japan (released cultural animals)

They have since spread into wild populations across Germany, Poland, and parts of France.

Ecological Impact

In Europe, raccoons are considered invasive. They:

  • Prey on native birds and amphibians

  • Compete with local species like foxes and badgers

  • Spread disease to native wildlife

Efforts are underway in many regions to monitor and control their spread.

Seasonal Habitat Shifts: Summer vs. Winter Behavior

Raccoon behavior shifts significantly with the seasons. In summer, they are active, social, and wide-ranging. In winter, they become solitary and seek insulated dens.

Warm Weather Habits

In spring and summer, raccoons:

  • Move frequently between dens

  • Forage extensively for food

  • Raise young kits

They may occupy dens in trees, brush piles, or even sheds.

Cold Weather Behavior

In northern climates, raccoons enter torpor—a light hibernation—to conserve energy. They retreat to warm, dry spaces like attics or tree cavities. They emerge on warmer days to eat and defecate.

Denning Habits: Trees, Burrows, and Hidden Havens

Raccoon dens are critical to their survival. They serve as resting places, birthing sites, and shelters from predators.

Types of Dens

  • Hollow trees: Preferred natural shelter

  • Burrows: Often repurposed from other animals

  • Structures: Attics, chimneys, sheds

Raccoons may use multiple dens in their territory and rotate between them.

Maternal Dens

Females choose dens with low predator access and close to food. They line dens with leaves or insulation for comfort and warmth.

How Raccoons Choose Their Homes

Raccoon habitat selection is based on availability, safety, and resource proximity. They are flexible but strategic.

Key Factors

  • Proximity to water

  • Access to food

  • Low human or predator presence

  • Temperature and insulation

In urban areas, shelter takes precedence over seclusion. In wild areas, security and food access are top priorities.


 

All About Animals …

Suspendisse nec congue purus. Aenean eu justo sed elit dignissim aliquam. Suspendisse nec congue purus. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos.

  • RATS

  • SQUIRRELS

  • RACCOONS

  • OPOSSUMS

  • SNAKES

  • BATS

  • WILDLIFE REMOVAL



 
 
 

Are Raccoons Rodents?

Are Raccoons Rodents?

Introduction

Have you ever spotted a raccoon rummaging through your garbage and wondered if it's a rodent? In this article, we'll explore the differences and similarities between raccoons and rodents, discuss their characteristics, and answer the question, "are raccoons rodents?" Let's dive in!

What are Rodents?

Rodents are a diverse group of mammals that belong to the order Rodentia. This order includes more than 2,000 species, such as mice, rats, squirrels, and beavers.

Characteristics of Rodents

Some common characteristics of rodents include:

  1. A pair of continuously growing incisors in both the upper and lower jaws

  2. Gnawing behavior to wear down their incisors

  3. Herbivorous or omnivorous diet

  4. Diverse range of habitats

What are Raccoons?

Raccoons, scientifically known as Procyon lotor, are medium-sized mammals native to North America. They're known for their distinctive facial markings, bushy tails, and high level of intelligence.

Characteristics of Raccoons

Some common characteristics of raccoons include:

  1. Mask-like black fur around their eyes

  2. Ringed tail with alternating light and dark bands

  3. Omnivorous diet

  4. High intelligence and problem-solving abilities

  5. Nocturnal behavior

Raccoons vs. Rodents

Although raccoons and rodents share some similarities, they are, in fact, different in terms of their taxonomy, teeth and jaw structure, diet, and behavior.

Order and Family

Raccoons belong to the order Carnivora and the family Procyonidae. This family includes other animals like coatis, kinkajous, and olingos. On the other hand, rodents belong to the order Rodentia.

Teeth and Jaw Structure

Rodents have two pairs of constantly growing incisors that they use for gnawing. Raccoons, however, have a set of 40 teeth that includes sharp canine teeth, which they use for tearing food, and molars for grinding.

Diet

While many rodents are herbivorous, raccoons are omnivorous. Raccoons have a diverse diet that includes insects, fruits, vegetables, and small animals, while rodents mainly consume plant-based foods.

Behavior

Raccoons are known for their intelligence, dexterity, and problem-solving abilities. They can open containers and doors to access food, which sets them apart from most rodents.

Raccoon Relatives

Raccoons are most closely related to other members of the Procyonidae family, including the ringtail, coati, and kinkajou. These animals share similar features, such as ringed tails and masked faces, but they are not rodents.

Raccoons in Popular Culture

Raccoons have made their way into popular culture, with characters like Rocket Raccoon from Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy



and RJ from the animated movie Over the Hedge. These characters showcase the intelligence, dexterity, and curiosity of raccoons, capturing the essence of their real-life counterparts.

Raccoon Problems and Solutions

As raccoons adapt to urban environments, they can become a nuisance to homeowners due to their curiosity, intelligence, and ability to access food sources.

Nuisance Wildlife

Raccoons are often considered nuisance wildlife because they can cause property damage, raid garbage bins, and spread diseases like rabies. They're also known for taking up residence in attics, chimneys, and crawl spaces, which can lead to further damage and potential health risks.

Pest Control Methods

If you're dealing with a raccoon problem, there are various methods you can use to deter or remove them from your property, including:

  1. Secure garbage bins with tight-fitting lids or bungee cords

  2. Remove outdoor pet food and water dishes at night

  3. Trim tree branches that provide access to your roof or attic

  4. Seal potential entry points to your home

  5. Use humane traps and relocation methods

  6. Consult with a professional wildlife removal service if the problem persists

Conclusion

So, are raccoons rodents? The answer is no. Although they share some similarities with rodents, raccoons belong to a different order and family within the mammal classification. With their distinctive features, intelligence, and adaptability, raccoons are fascinating creatures that continue to capture our curiosity and attention.

FAQs

What is the primary difference between raccoons and rodents?

  1. Raccoons belong to the order Carnivora and the family Procyonidae, while rodents belong to the order Rodentia.

Are raccoons dangerous to humans?

  1. Raccoons can carry diseases like rabies and parasites that pose risks to humans. It's best to avoid close contact with raccoons and ensure your home and surroundings are not attractive to them.

What do raccoons eat?

  1. Raccoons are omnivorous and have a diverse diet that includes fruits, vegetables, insects, and small animals.

Can raccoons be kept as pets?

  1. It's generally not recommended to keep raccoons as pets due to their wild nature, potential to carry diseases, and the legal restrictions in many areas.

How can I deter raccoons from my property?

  1. Secure garbage bins, remove outdoor pet food and water dishes at night, trim tree branches near your home, and seal potential entry points to deter raccoons from your property.

 

All About Animals …

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  • RATS

  • SQUIRRELS

  • RACCOONS

  • OPOSSUMS

  • SNAKES

  • BATS

  • WILDLIFE REMOVAL



 
 
 

Raccoons

 

All About Raccoons …

Raccoons are usually classified as a pest species due to their habits of living in human dwellings. The most common complaints include the following:

  • Raccoons living in the attic

  • Raccoons living in the chimney

  • Tipping over garbage cans

  • Stealing pet food or bird seed

  • Sick, potentially rabid raccoon

  • Presence is alarming dogs/pets

For these reasons, many people wish to have this nuisance animal trapped and removed.

Raccoons are medium-sized mammals native to North America. They belong to the family Procyonidae and the genus Procyon. Raccoons have a distinctive black and white striped tail, and a bandit-like mask of black fur around their eyes. They have thick, grayish fur that helps keep them warm in cold temperatures. Raccoons are omnivores and eat a wide variety of food, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, insects, fish, and small mammals. They are primarily nocturnal and are skilled climbers, swimmers and problem-solvers. Raccoons are known to be carriers of diseases such as rabies and distemper, and can also be a nuisance to homeowners by getting into trash cans and gardens.

Raccoons are highly adaptable animals and can be found in a wide range of habitats, including forests, wetlands, and urban areas. They are primarily nocturnal, but may also be active during the day. Raccoons are skilled climbers and can easily climb trees, walls, and other structures to find food or shelter. They are also strong swimmers and can hold their breath for several minutes while diving for food. Raccoons are known to be curious and intelligent animals, and are able to solve complex problems to obtain food or other resources.

In terms of social behavior, raccoons are generally solitary animals, but may form loose colonies in areas with abundant food sources. During the breeding season, males will travel long distances to find a mate, and females will give birth to litters of 2-5 young. Raccoons are known to be vocal animals and communicate with each other using a variety of sounds, including purring, growling, and whining.

Raccoons can be a nuisance to homeowners because they are known to raid trash cans and gardens in search of food. They may also cause damage to structures by gnawing on wood or tearing off shingles to gain access to attics or chimneys. In addition, raccoons can carry diseases such as rabies and distemper and should be avoided or handled with caution.



 
 
 

 

Questions About Raccoons?

 We have tried to compile a list of our most frequently asked questions from out customers . If you have anymore please email us and we will get it answered for you.


How do raccoons get in the attic?

 

Raccoons can enter our attics in several ways, some of the most common ways that raccoons gain access to our attics are through the roof vents or air vents. These caps can be breached whether plastic or metal. We build custom raccoon caps to fit all size air and roof vents for your home. Another common area is through the soffits and soffit intersections. These areas are easy places for raccoons to get their footing and push into our attics. You should call us about an inspection to seal these vulnerabilities and can provide re-enforcement to ensure raccoons cannot target these areas. Lastly, raccoons have feet that enable them to feel weak areas in the roof that otherwise look fine, in addation to animal control we offer roof repairs to make sure that the roof remains raccoon-proof.

 

What do Raccoons eat?

Raccoons are omnivores which means they will eat anything. This is why it is important not to feed wildlife such as Raccoons, or to leave food accessible to them as they will go through garbage, bird feeders, even domestic pet food if left outside.

 

Will raccoons attack humans?

Generally, raccoons will not attack humans. However, during the baby season if the mother feels threatened or you get too close to her and her babies this may provoke an attack. Also, being sick can trigger an attack for the raccoon. We recommend always calling a professional to deal with raccoons on properties




How to keep Raccoons away?

When keeping Raccoons away from your home, simple practices like keeping your garbage contained or keeping it to an area they cannot access can go a long way. Although there are many products that can be purchased, the best way to keep Raccoons away is to hire a professional Wildlife Removal Expert to inspect and protect the vulnerable areas around a home where Raccoons can gain entry.




What are raccoons most afraid of?




One of the key natural survival instincts for any animal is to know when to flee, and one of the main fears that many raccoons will have is a fear of their natural predators, although this will often be stronger in those raccoons living in rural areas where they are more likely to encounter predators.





Do raccoons lay eggs yes or no?

A raccoon can pass millions of eggs in its feces everyday, depending on how many worms are in its intestines. Once deposited in the environment, the eggs develop into the infectious form in 2-4 weeks, and can survive in the soil for several years.





Do raccoons live alone or in groups?




Raccoons are thought of as mostly solitary animals, coming together only for mating purposes and to raise their young. However, they do live in small groups with other raccoons; these are called a gaze or nursery. Raccoon families tend to be found anywhere between two and eight or more individuals.


Where do raccoons go in the daytime?




During the day, raccoons find shelter in all environments. In urban areas, raccoons sleep in abandoned cars, dumpsters, and sewer drains, but hide in attics, garages, and underneath decks in suburban areas. In the wilderness, they live sleep in tree hollows, under rocks, and vacant animal dens.




How far will a raccoon travel to return home?

They will travel far to return to the original territory, so if you don't want to see it again, it's recommended to bring it a minimum of 5, or even 10 miles away from the capture site.




How many raccoons usually live together?

4 - 5 raccoons

Adults live in loose knit communities of 4 - 5 raccoons for better protection against predators. Communication: Raccoons communicate with each other using over 200 different sounds and 12-15 different calls.




Will raccoons leave on their own?

They are uninvited, unwelcome, and totally unpleasant. They are raccoons… and, unfortunately, they will not leave by themselves.





Do raccoons travel in packs?

Even though male raccoons prefer to lead a solitary life, there are circumstances where they will join other groups in order to survive more easily. In general, raccoons can live as solitary animals, not belonging to a community.





How can you tell a male raccoon from a female?

When you look at a raccoon lying on its back, you will see the anus directly below the tail. In front of the anus is the genitals; if the bump is slit-shaped and between the legs, quite close to the anus, it's the female vulva




How long do raccoon families stay together?

The average adolescent raccoon becomes independent at 10 months of age, some leave home as early as 8 months and some as late as 12




Where do raccoons make their dens?

They will make their nests almost anywhere — in tree cavities, brush piles, abandoned burrows, chimneys, attics, crawl spaces, storm sewers, haystacks, and barn lofts — and usually have more than one den site available for use at any one time.







What time do raccoons go back to sleep?

A raccoon can sleep between six to eight hours per day. They typically sleep till it's sundown, which is when they leave their dens in search of food. The amount of sleep they get per day also depends on the time of the year.





What does it mean when a raccoon stares at you?

Raccoons are very curious and used to living near people, so they can sometimes seem very bold. A raccoon's natural response to a confrontation is to freeze and stare at you. It's still afraid of you, it's just waiting to see what your next move is.





Do raccoons return to the same place every year?

Another reason you want to avoid having these animals give birth on your property is that the following year, the female babies will return to the same location to have their litter. And each subsequent year that follows the young females will attempt to return.





What month do raccoons have babies?

Mother raccoons can have between two to five babies in a litter, and they will have just one litter per year. Baby raccoons are called kits, and they are typically born in early spring between March and April, but if a mother's first litter does not survive she may give birth to a second litter as late as June.





Can a 3 month old raccoon survive on its own?

If they are younger than one year and the mother is nowhere near to be found they won't survive without her. But it doesn't mean you should rush to rescue them. Sometimes the mother has to go and find food for her babies and she can stay away from several hours up to a day but always comes back.Jan 14, 2022





How big is a raccoons territory?

0.031 – 0.31 mi²

Male, Urban area

0.012 – 0.15 mi²

Female, Urban area

Raccoon/Size of territory




Do raccoons sleep during the day?

Raccoons are not very social creatures. They are nocturnal and sleep during the day. During the winter, they tend to sleep more, but they do not hibernate in the traditional sense. They simply sleep while their bodies live off stored fat.






Are raccoons smart?

According to a variety of studies, raccoons are very intelligent. Vanderbilt University researchers found that raccoons have an average of 438 million neurons in a relatively small brain, which places them on the higher end of the mammal intelligence scale.Feb 4, 2021





Can racoons swim?

You may think that the stream you have running through your backyard protects you from the animals in the woods beyond, but it won't stop the masked bandit! They are quite capable in the water, even though their bodies are a little heavy to be really efficient swimmers.Feb 14, 2021





Can raccoons see in the dark?




Raccoons have very good hearing and have excellent night vision, but their extremely sensitive sense of touch is what sets them apart from other carnivores. They are constantly feeling around and touching everything.




Can raccoons jump?




Thanks to their elongated hind legs that allow them to extend their body length and leap forward quite quickly, these animals can jump to far distances. Raccoons can jump up to 5 feet far when jumping from the ground and up to 10 feet when jumping from a height.Dec 23, 2021





Do raccoons poop in water?

Raccoons usually choose certain locations to defecate (poop) and then use those same places repeatedly. Raccoons can also be attracted to areas where humans live and play. In pools, raccoons usually defecate in the shallow areas (for example, on the steps).




How do you clean raccoon poop?

If outside, treat feces-soiled surfaces with boiling water. If inside, repeatedly wipe the feces-contaminated area with a damp sponge, rinsing the sponge frequently in a bucket of hot, soapy water. Flush the water down the toilet when done. Disinfect the shovel and bucket with boiling water.




How do raccoons drink water?




When it comes to water, they'll drink from: Decorative fountains and ponds. Puddles. Leaky pipes.





What does raccoon poop look like?




Raccoon droppings are cylindrical in shape, have rounded or broken ends, and are typically dark in color, though coloration varies depending on what the animal has recently eaten. Raccoon scat is likely to contain berries, as they are a favorite food source.




Do raccoons pee?




Raccoons frequently defecate and urinate in the same place and generate piles of feces called raccoon latrines. Raccoon latrine locations include tree bases, stumps, garages, under decks and in attics 





Do raccoons poop where they eat?

Raccoons are actually very clean animals, and will go to the bathroom in the same spot, away from where they eat and sleep. This spot is known as a “Latrine Site”.





How to tell the age of a raccoon?


If you discover a nest of baby raccoons on your property, how can you tell how old they are? Young raccoons are independent at around 12 weeks of age, so if you can make an accurate assessment of their age, you'll have a good idea of how long it will be before they leave your home.




How old is a full grown raccoon?




The raccoon will be almost fully developed around the 4 month mark, however they don't reach full maturity until one year after being born. The raccoons will stay with their mother until being one year old. Raccoons are very solitary creatures and don't need social comfort.





Do raccoons hibernate?

Raccoons are not true hibernators, meaning they do stay active year-round. That being said, you may see fewer raccoons in winter. This is because some raccoons, especially those in more northern states, may store up body fat in the spring and summer so they can spend most of the winter sleeping in their dens






When is the raccoon mating season ?

Their mating season is from mid to late summer. Sixty to 74 days after mating, up to four cubs will be born. Baby raccoons' ears and eyes open about 18 to 24 days after birth. They can walk around by the time they are four to six weeks old





Are raccoons aggressive during mating season?

They really fight! Not just a show of aggression to scare away the other male. They scratch, bite, and apparently even bite-throw each other, as they fight for a female. I would have never thought I'd be curious about the sex life of racoons, but it is Valentine's Day and Family Day long weekend, after all…





Do raccoons stay together after mating?

Although females and males may den with each other temporarily during this time, they do not associate with each other after mating; females raise the young on their own






Additional Facts: from pbs.org

The raccoon’s scientific name, Procyon lotor is neo-Latin and translates to “before-dog washer.”

Christopher Columbus is the first individual we know of to have written about the species.

The raccoon’s taxonomy has been debated over time. Carl Linnaeus placed the raccoon in the Ursus genus—first as Ursus cauda elongate (“long-tailed bear”) and then as Ursus lotor (“washer bear”). In 1780, Gottlieb Congrad Christian Storr created a separate genus for the species, Procyon, meaning doglike.

The English word “raccoon” is an adaptation of a native Powhatan word meaning “animal that scratches with its hands.”

In the winter, the raccoon does not hibernate, but can sleep in its den for weeks.

A raccoon can run at speeds of up to 15 miles per hour.

The raccoon is a good swimmer and can stay in water for several hours.

The species makes a variety of vocalizations including hisses, whistles, screams, growls and snarls.

A series of studies in the mid-to-late-twentieth century show that a raccoon can remember solutions to tasks for up to 3 years.

 

Is that a raccoon?

 

 

Sometimes raccoons are blamed for damage they don’t do (it might be your neighbor’s dog who’s rummaging in the trash).General Raccoon Facts :

  • Scientific Name: Procyon lotor

  • Average Size: 12" tall; 24-38" long; 14-23 lbs.

  • Average Lifespan in the Wild: 2-3 years

Identifying Features: Gray fur with a black mask and 4-7 black rings around its tail; pointy snout with a black nose; dexterous front paws.

Fun Facts About Raccoons

  • A raccoon will rinse its food in water prior to eating it. When there is no water close by, a raccoon will still rub its food to remove debris.

  • Cats cannot taste sweet foods, due to a lack of sweet taste buds.

  • Some hypothesize that the purpose of a raccoon's black mask is to reduce glare, helping it to see better in the dark.

  • A group of raccoons is called a nursery.

  • Although raccoons only live 2-3 years in the wild, a raccoon can live up to 20 years in captivity.

 

The first step to take is to make sure it’s a raccoon you’re dealing with. Look at the clock: If you hear sounds in the house or the trash is knocked over during the day, it’s probably not a raccoon who’s causing you concern.

But if the sounds in your house start at dusk and then again around dawn, you may very well have a visitor of the raccoon kind.

Read the signs

In your yard, there are other signs you can look for to determine if a raccoon may be stopping by, although signs of a raccoon don't necessarily mean that the raccoon has committed any misdeeds.






 

 

Here are some signs to help identify a raccoon problem:

 

  • tipped trash cans

  • raided bird feeders

  • pilfered gardens

  • damaged crops (ex. chewed sweet corn, hollowed out watermelons)

  • uncapped chimneys

  • torn shingles

  • raccoon tracks: five long toes and fingers resembling human hands

 

Tracks

The raccoon’s track is hand-shaped and can usually be seen on light surfaces or where the ground is soft enough for their paws to leave an impression. Like bears, they walk on their entire paws, not just the toes, like some other animals.

Rub marks

A noticeable stain or rub may be seen on surfaces that raccoons pass frequently. Other animals can leave such stains as well so seeing the raccoon’s “handprints” on climbable surfaces is a more reliable sign of their presence.

Scat

Raccoon scats vary widely in size, depending upon the raccoon’s age and in content—which is often quite evident, depending on what has been eaten. Typically though they are about 3/4” in diameter and 2-3” long, with segmenting and blunt ends.

Scat stations—also called latrines—are places where one animal has repeatedly left scat or multiple animals have done so. Unfortunately, these are sometimes established on roofs and in attics. Due to the potential of roundworm presence, raccoon latrines should be cleaned up by a hazardous waste professional.





Raccoon Behavior :





  • Activity: Nocturnal in nature, raccoons are mostly active at nighttime. They are most active in spring, summer and fall, and will sleep in their dens for most of the winter.

  • Reproduction: Reproduction begins in late winter. Females, or sows, usually give birth to 1-6 baby kits in April or May. Mothers are very protective of their young until they separate after about a year.

  • Social Interaction: Raccoons are independent after 12-14 months of age. Adults live in loose knit communities of 4 - 5 raccoons for better protection against predators.

  • Communication: Raccoons communicate with each other using over 200 different sounds and 12-15 different calls.

  • Skills: Raccoons possess amazing dexterity that gives them the ability to open doors, jars, bottles and latches. They are also great climbers, which allows them to better access food and shelter.







Raccoons sometimes get into scraps with cats and they may occasionally prey on small animals housed outside, such as chickens and rabbits.





When no other food is available, raccoons might even prey upon kittens and small cats, but other times, they can be seen eating side-by-side when cats are fed outdoors.





Feeding pets outside is probably the most common reason that raccoons come into contact with them.





Fight or flight

Healthy raccoons are unlikely to pick a fight with a dog, but dogs sometimes chase raccoons. Sick or injured raccoons, cornered mothers protecting their young and orphaned baby raccoons are most likely to be victims of dog attacks. If caught by a dog, a raccoon may fight back to defend herself, and both the dog and raccoon can be injured.





How to stop raccoons from using your pet door





Raccoon rules

To reduce the chances of your pets having a close encounter with a raccoon, follow these simple rules:





Keep pet rabbits and cats indoors at all times. 

If cats or dogs are fed outside, do so only by day and remove food immediately.

Don’t allow dogs to roam unsupervised and unleashed.

These practices are good for your pet, whether or not they're likely to come into contact with a raccoon. Keep your pets' vaccinations up-to-date and if your pet does encounter a raccoon, check with your vet about what to do.








Raccoons often leave their feces in communal sites called latrines.



Because raccoons are the primary host of Baylisascaris procyanis, a roundworm that can harm people, and the roundworm eggs may be present in raccoon feces, their latrines should be removed and cleaned up whenever they might pose a health hazard.  This the task requires extreme caution.

Where might a raccoon latrine be? If not around the base of a tree or on a log, rock, stump or woodpile, a raccoon latrine may be in an attic, garage, roof, deck or patio.

Raccoon latrines in or near a dwelling should be are considered a potential health hazard.

Best left to the professionals

It is safest to hire a professional to do the cleanup, but if you must do it yourself, follow the CDC’s recommendations [PDF] for doing it as safely as possible.

Wear disposable gloves and either rubber boots that can be scrubbed or disposable booties that cover your shoes.

Wear a N95-rated respirator (available at hardware stores).

Use a spray bottle to mist the area to be cleaned up with water to minimize the dust that may be stirred up while cleaning up the latrine.

Remove feces and feces-contaminated material using a shovel or inverted plastic bag; then, burn, bury or bag it and send it to a landfill.

If outside, treat feces-soiled surfaces with boiling water.

If inside, repeatedly wipe the feces-contaminated area with a damp sponge, rinsing the sponge frequently in a bucket of hot, soapy water. Flush the water down the toilet when done.

Disinfect the shovel and bucket with boiling water. Place the sponge in a plastic bag and throw it away.

Scrub boots with hot soapy water or throw away disposable booties in a plastic bag.

Dispose of gloves in a plastic bag and wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm running water.

Wash clothing thoroughly with hot water and detergent, and wash hands again after putting clothing into the wash.

Do not bring wood on which raccoon feces have been found into the house. Burn such logs outside.






Raccoons and public health






Raccoons—along with foxes (red and gray), skunks, and bats—are considered a primary carrier of the rabies virus in the United States. While any warm-blooded animal can carry rabies, these are the ones we call “rabies vector species.”





According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), only one human has ever died from the raccoon strain of rabies.





A rabid raccoon is usually dead within 1-3 days of becoming infectious, and even if you're bitten by a rabid raccoon, effective post-exposure treatment is available.





Is that raccoon rabid?

If you see a raccoon in your yard during the day, don’t panic—she is not necessarily sick or dangerous. It’s perfectly normal for raccoons to be active throughout the day. She may merely be foraging longer hours to support her young, visiting a garden while the dogs are indoors, or moving to a new location.







Raccoon roundworm

Another growing concern is a roundworm (Baylisascaris) found in raccoon feces that can infect humans and pets. Prevention is the key here. Keep raccoons out of attics and crawl spaces, and supervise young children and pets outdoors to make sure they don’t come into contact with raccoon feces. And if you find evidence of a raccoon latrine, make sure you clean it up properly.





Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is caused by a bacteria that can infect raccoons, skunks, opossums, Norway rats, mice, and white-tailed deer. Humans may be exposed if they come into contact with infected urine or contaminated soil and water. Avoid touching wild animals. If contact is necessary to get a raccoon out of your house, call in a professional.





Attacks and bites

It isn’t uncommon for a healthy raccoon to be active in the daytime, but it's highly unusual for a raccoon to be aggressive toward a person. A female may boldly defend her young, arching her back and growling or giving a loud “whoof,” and perhaps lunging at a person she deems threatening. Only very rarely will a raccoon chase after someone seen as threatening.





A raccoon who appears ill or disoriented, or who engages in unprovoked aggression, may be rabid or infected with canine distemper or feline parvovirus. If you come into contact with a wild animal, obtain professional assistance from your local animal control agency and health department.